The Prevention Of Diarrhea Health And Social Care Essay

The Pr eveningtion Of Diarrhea Health And Social vex EssayDiarrhea is one of the virtually perennial wellness chorecausing both morbidity and mortality worldwide in churlren specially among developing nations. The vast majority of deaths worldwide from dissolution (2-3 million deaths per year) be from young children in developing countries. The United States have 220,000 children younger than 5 long time old that are hospitalized each year with looseness of the bowels comprising nearly 9% of all hospitalization in this age group. Diarrhea relative incidence in children younger than3 years of age has been estimated to be 1.3 to 2.3 episodes per child per year. The incidence rate in children attending day care centers are higher. much than US$ 2 billion are spent yearly as direct cost of hospitalization and outpatient care 1.Despite advances in sermon and diagnostics, recurrence of cases and epidemics surface from time to time from different parts of the world. The task se em to be non just of diagnostics and treatment solely more so with the basic preventive aspect of licentiousness among children.The encouraging and preventive role of handwashing in diarrheal cases can not be overemphasized. Its cost strongness, relative ease of application and implementation are evidence- found and makes a lot of economic and healthful sense considering the cost tie in to hospitalization and out patient care of diarrheal cases.II. ObjectivesEstablish causal relation between handwashing and occur-rence of diarrhea among children.Highlight the key role of handwashing for health progressionand prevention of diarrhea among childrenProvide recommendations relating to the legal, ethical andhealth polity implication of handwashing for the prevention of diarrhea among children.III. MethodologyLiterature search was make from scholarly published materialsto meet the objectives of this seminar discussion. The subject ofthe research is limited to children ancient 0- 12 years old.IV. Discussion Evidences of clinical benefit of handwashing/hand hygiene dates buttocks from Semmelweis (1818-1865). While working in the General Hospital of Vienna, he demo that puerperal fever was a contagious disesase ca workd by infectious existence which was open up from patient to patient via the pass on of health care workers (HCW) 9. A hundred years later another key observation by Rammelkamp and his co-worker who demonstrated that direct contact was the main mode of contagious disease of Staphylococcus aureus among neonates in the nursery 3.The same run acrossled chew over done by Rammelkamp and co-workers demonstrated that handwashing between patient contacts reduced levels of S. aureus acquisition to the low levels resulting from mobile transmission. The EPIC Systematic Review in 2001 showed that liquid (even non-medicated) soap and wet will efficaciously decontaminate hands but 70% alcoholic drink or an alcohol based antiseptic hand rub provides the most effective decontamination for a wide variety of organisms (S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella, C missedridium difficile and rotavirus).A freshen of published literature from 1879 through 1986 consisting of 423 articles and spanning 107 years demonstrated that tho for specificity, all the elements of causality, including temporality, strength, plausibility, consistency of association and dose response were present. As concluded, the focus on handwashing as a primary infection control broadsheet has not been misplaced and should continue 6.Studies specifically linking handwashing to prevent diarrhea in children was conducted in different countries in various care settings. A study comparing 2 day care centers with handwashing program (HWC) and 2 control centers (CC) showed that incidence of diarrhea in HWC began to fall (after the program was begun) and after the scrap month of the study was consistently get down than the CC. The incidence of diarrhea in HWC was approximately half that of the CC for the entire 35-week study period 1.In a randomized controlled trial in a high run a stake community in Pakistan where diarrhea is a leading cause of child death, an improvement in handwashing in the household reduced the incidence of diarrhea among children at high risk of death from the same cause. Children quick in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had a 53% lower incidence of diarrhea compared to children in the control population. Infants in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had 39% fewer days with diarrhea vs infants living in control neighborhoods. Severely malnourished children younger than 5 years in the intervention group had 42% fewer days with diarrhea vs severely malnourished children in control group. Similar reductions in diarrhea were observed among children living in households receiving antibacterial soap5.A systematic review with random effects meta-analysis by Curti s and Cairncross showed data sources which are studies linking handwashing with diarrheal diseases. Of which were seven-spot intervention studies, six case control, cardinal cross sectional and two cohort studies. Results showed that washing hands with soap can reduce the risk of diarrheal disease by 42-47% and interventions to promote handwashing might save a million lives2.A clinical advisory from the CDC7 and Mayo Clinic8 stated that handwashing is the easiest, simplest to do and most effective way to stay healthy and to prevent spread of infection and illness in all settings. For the specific purpose of this discussion, among children in various care settings, in home, day care, school and neighborhoods. Clean hands can stop germs from spreading from one child to another and even entire communities.The potential ways of dealing with this situation includes education, development, implementation and enforcement of regulations and use of infection control and for this particular case, handwashing.V. Summary, Conclusions, RecommendationsThe preponderance of evidence from studies spanning hundreds of years effectively establish the practice of handwashing as evidence-based not only for prevention of diarrhea among children but even as primary infection control in the transmission of nosocomial infections.Handwashing, being the simplest, most health promotive and effective primary infection control for the prevention of diarrhea among children can not be overemphasized in the light of economic cost, sick days and lives lost attributable to diarrhea.It is therefore recommended that advocacy for handwashing in terms of educating involved individuals, caregivers, families and children themselves should be given top priority. This should come in a form of tri-media turn tail in schools, workplaces, communities, homes, etc. Handwashing programs should be implemented and even enforcement of strict regulations or legislations might as well be in place if indispens able be.