Using Material from Item a Assess Sociological Explanations

Sociology Topic 6 Using material from relic A quantify sociological explanations of versed practice in capableity in todays order In the stand 30 years wo manpower in the UK casting has risen to 2. 45 trillion whereas custody departing has risen by 0. 5 million. Item A suggests a variety of sexual activity inequalities in todays nine for example the apply difference wowork force receive as it is suggested according to item A that wo custody earn a quarter of a million pounds little than custody and this is without women not having any children if she did overhear children it would be ? 140,000 slight. The catch up with whirl reduces family income everyplace alone which isnt beneficial for families.An separate issue is that women mainly work in low compensable sectors like retail or caring and due(p) to women having a glass pileus above men winning all management positions it has left women with the low compensable tunes. Hakim believes in that locations an occupational segregation in the UK. In the UK according to Hakim men and women do dissimilar kinds of work. There atomic number 18 2 types of occupational segregation. even segregation and Vertical segregation. Horizontal segregation is when men and women are concentrated in different types if jobs in different sectors of the economy. Women who are in the unrestricted sector usually work in health and social work and education. nonetheless in the private sector women normally are in admin or clerical work whereas men are in the skilled and manual sector. However horizontal segregation may decline as at that place is a decline in the primary and alternative sector in the economy. Vertical segregation is when women occupy jobs of low succumb and status. Theres evidence that women work in lower levels just when they can work in upper professions they still have a glass ceiling above them according to Walby. This affects women as if there is any chance of promotional materia l they end up being restricted to go any higher.Women withal receive slight pay in 1975 women only earned 71% of the mediocre full prison term male wage. The gap has narrowed over the last 30 years due to many women fighting for equal rights. The gap among men and women was 17% in 2007 however the governing body claim that its 12. 6%. The problem with using average pay in the gender gap according to ONS believe that many men who are remunerative very well can inflate the average and therefore get rid of the true pay gap between men and women. Differences in pay still exists, in some jobs the statistics more(prenominal) than than higher its 22. 3% difference which is a significant compared to the popular sector.CMI found out that the average female executive was paid ? 32614 whereas men in the same role received ? 46269. This suggests that inequality still exists however it isnt as open as it was in the last 50 years it is more discreet. This makes it harder to prove that this inequality still exists in society today. Women in addition work part time as in 2005 42% of women worked part time whereas 9% men worked part time which shows there is a vast gap this models women mainly as a huge disadvantage as they have less job security and less chance to promoted. Parsons who is a functionalist believed that men and women should have separate roles in society.He believed women were more suited for the expressive roles whereas men where suited for the instrumental roles of society. He believed men suited pair employment whereas women were meant to do interior(prenominal) duties. He wasnt surprised that women are paid less as they are less motivated and less suited to the apprehend market place. Which shows inequality in gender ,as women are proven to be the homemakers according to some sociologists. Some economists believe that the pay gap is justified as it shows that fact that men have more human capital as they have greater orientation to paid wo rk .Women are less commited and are likely to take breaks in there career to look after there family whereas men establish their skills, qualifications and skills as they do not take breaks in there career. However Olsen and walby criticise the human capital theory they believe that main power why women suffer to have much(prenominal) a low pay is because theres a systematic disadvantage in getting human capital e. g. pay is low in occupations where there are many women. This could be because the jobs require less training and promotion prospects for this job in which men are in the majority.Human capital assumes that experiences of employment intend the increase in wage whereas experience in part time work is associated with less wages. Some sociologists believe that a dual labour market exists and is divided into 2 sectors primary and secondary. Primary is secure, well paid and with good prospectus whereas the secondary is poor pay insecurity and no ladder of promotion. Barro n and Norris concluded that women are likely to be in the secondary this is due to women being unsuitable, disrupted career developments and weak legal and governmental framework supporting women.Liberal feminists argue that the traditional forms of gender role socialization in families, education and in the media are responsible for reproducing a sexual division in labour in which masculinity is seen as dominant whereas femininity is seen as subordinate. Oakly argues that the reason for the command of women in the labour market is the dominance of motherhood/housewife roles for women. Patriarchal ideology stresses the view that womens only purpose is to raise children. Sharpe believes that education and careers are main priorities of juvenile girls.Girls also perform better in education which suggests that society ordain change at a later stage due to girls perform so well academically. They also see that men and women are taking equal responsibilities are caring and cleanin g at home which shows that gender inequality is slowly decreasing as women are realising there possible and men are adapting to women bonnie more career focused. Marxists feminists argue the subordination of women to men is linked to the position in society. According to benston women benefit capitalist economy in 2 miens. The first way is that women provide free domestic labour which allows men to be more effective.Women are also excluded from paid employment in the early 19th century which resulted in women becoming housewifes and mothers. Benston argues that if the women is a housewife then the man pays for both the labour power of the male and the domestic power of the women. The second way is that women are responsible for raising the future labour force at no cost to the capitalist class this is known as duplicate of labour power. Ansley believed that women in relationships with men also functioned to soak up the male workers frustration with his paid work in the forms of domestic violence.However other Marxists feminists see women as part of reserve army of labour which is hired by businesses in times for sparing expansion and fired during an change in the economic climate (recession). Walby believes that women staying at home has harmed capitalism as women competing with men for jobs would lower wages and increase capitalism. The reserve labour of army has also been criticized as it doesnt explain why male and females are put in different uses. It doesnt explain why women have such different responsibilities. foot feminists argue that societys divided into 2 different gender classes men and women who both have different interests. Feminists believe time-honored inequalities happen in personal relationships. All personal relationships are policy-making as they based upon different and unequal amounts of power which is determined by sex and are reinforced by every aspect of wider society. Radical feminists note that patriarchal ideology fails then women are constantly low the threat of male violence and sexual aggression which limits their capacity to die as free and independent as they should be.However radical feminists have been criticized for helplessness to acknowledge historical changes like women now experience the same rights as men . Another approach is the dual systems approach. Delphy emphasizes the key role of family. She believes the phratry is important however its underrated and believes the work performed by women is high profitable however she notes that men dominate households as they have more economic power than women.Walby believes that capitalism and patriarchate could work alongside each other to exploit women. Patriarchy according to walby has evolved from private patriarchy in which women have entered public arenas of employment and politics however they still are disadvantaged. She believes that women are no longer restricted to the domestic sphere to public patriarchy where women are no longer restricted but have the hale society in which to roam and be exploited.